Best Practice citations

Volume 2, Issue 2

GLP-1 agonists & weight loss

¹ Rohani B. Oral manifestations in patients with diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes. 2019 Sep 15;10(9):485-489

² https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-statistics/overweight-obesity

³ Sauer N, Reining F, Schulze Zur Wiesch C, Burkhardt T, Aberle J. Off-label antiobesity treatment in patients without diabetes with GLP-1 agonists in clinical practice. Horm Metab Res. 2015;47(8):560-564.

⁴ Drug Approval Package: Ozempic (semaglutide) Injection". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 16 January 2018. Archived from the original on 1 March 2021. 5 https://www.fda.gov/drugs/postmarket-drug-safety-information-patients-and-providers/medications-containing-semaglutide-marketed-type-2-diabetes-or-weight-loss

⁶ O’Connor EA, Evans CV, Henninger M, Redmond N, Senger CA. Interventions for Weight Management in Children and Adolescents: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. Published online June 18, 2024.

⁷ Müller TD, Finan B, Bloom SR, D'Alessio D, Drucker DJ, Flatt PR, Fritsche A, Gribble F, Grill HJ, Habener JF, Holst JJ, Langhans W, Meier JJ, Nauck MA, Perez-Tilve D, Pocai A, Reimann F, Sandoval DA, Schwartz TW, Seeley RJ, Stemmer K, Tang-Christensen M, Woods SC, DiMarchi RD, Tschöp MH. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). Mol Metab. 2019 Dec;30:72-130.

⁸ https://www.fda.gov/drugs/postmarket-drug-safety-information-patients-and-providers/medications-containing-semaglutide-marketed-type-2-diabetes-or-weight-loss

⁹ Mosenzon O, Garvey WT, Hesse D, Koroleva A, Kushner RF, Lim S, Lingvay I, Wallenstein SOR, Wadden TA, Le Roux CW. Clinically-Relevant Weight Loss is Achieved Independently of Early Weight Loss Response to Once-Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide 2.4 MG (STEP 4). J Endocr Soc. 2021 May 3;5(Suppl 1)

¹⁰ Wilding JPH, Batterham RL, Davies M, Van Gaal LF, Kandler K, Konakli K, Lingvay I, McGowan BM, Oral TK, Rosenstock J, Wadden TA, Wharton S, Yokote K, Kushner RF; STEP 1 Study Group. Weight regain and cardiometabolic effects after withdrawal of semaglutide: The STEP 1 trial extension. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2022 Aug;24(8):1553-1564.

¹¹ A. Michael Lincoff, M.D. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8175-2121, Kirstine Brown-Frandsen, M.D., Helen M. Colhoun, M.D., John Deanfield, M.D., Scott S. Emerson, M.D., Ph.D., Sille Esbjerg, M.Sc., Søren Hardt-Lindberg, M.D., Ph.D., +9, for the SELECT Trial Investigators Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Obesity without Diabetes N Engl J Med 2023;389:2221-2232

¹² https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/glp-1-diabetes-and-weight-loss-drug-side-effects-ozempic-face-and-more

¹³ Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for Weight Loss. JAMA. 2023;330(18):1795–1797.

¹⁴ Billings SA, Felix HM, Prier CC, Hedges MS. Rhabdomyolysis Associated With Semaglutide Therapy: A Case Report. Cureus. 2023 Dec 9;15(12):e50227.

¹⁵ Hathaway JT, Shah MP, Hathaway DB, et al. Risk of Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy in Patients Prescribed Semaglutide. JAMA Ophthalmol. Published online July 03, 2024

¹⁶ https://lawsuitlegalnews.com/news/study-link-between-ozempic-gastroparesis/

¹⁷ https://www.webmd.com/obesity/news/20230803/lawsuit-alleges-untold-stomach-risks-from-ozempic-mounjaro

¹⁸ Nauck MA, D'Alessio DA. Tirzepatide, a dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor co-agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes with unmatched effectiveness regrading glycaemic control and body weight reduction. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2022 Sep 1;21(1):169.

¹⁹ Alexis V. Fanshier; Brianne K. Crews; Madison C. Garrett; Jeremy L. Johnson ORCID logo Tirzepatide: A Novel Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide/Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonist for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: The First Twincretin Clin Diabetes 2023;41(3):367–377

²⁰ Müller TD, Blüher M, Tschöp MH, DiMarchi RD (March 2022). "Anti-obesity drug discovery: advances and challenges". Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery. 21 (3): 201–223.

²¹ https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/mounjaro-and-ozempic-arent-the-same-heres-how-weight-loss-drugs-compare/#:~:text=The%20drug's%20interaction%20with%20GIP,studies%20on%20this%20are%20underway.

²² Kuate Defo A, Bakula V, Pisaturo A, Labos C, Wing SS, Daskalopoulou SS. Diabetes, antidiabetic medications and risk of dementia: a systematic umbrella review and meta-analysis.Diabetes Obes Metab. Published online October 23, 2023. doi:10.1111/dom.15331

²³ Nørgaard CH, Friedrich S, Hansen CT, Gerds T, Ballard C, Møller DV, Knudsen LB, Kvist K, Zinman B, Holm E, Torp-Pedersen C, Mørch LS. Treatment with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and incidence of dementia: Data from pooled double-blind randomized controlled trials and nationwide disease and prescription registers. Alzheimers Dement (N Y). 2022 Feb 23;8(1):e12268. doi: 10.1002/trc2.12268. PMID: 35229024; PMCID: PMC8864443.

²⁴ https://www.biopharmadive.com/news/zepbound-sleep-apnea-obesity-eli-lilly-study-results/713432/#:~:text=Scott%20Olson%20via%20Getty%20Images,as%20those%20who%20didn't.

²⁵ Wang L, Xu R, Kaelber DC, Berger NA. Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists and 13 Obesity-Associated Cancers in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(7):e2421305. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.21305

²⁶ Wang L, Wang W, Kaelber DC, Xu R, Berger NA. GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Colorectal Cancer Risk in Drug-Naive Patients With Type 2 Diabetes, With and Without Overweight/Obesity. JAMA Oncol. 2024;10(2):256–258. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2023.5573

²⁷ https://wwd.com/pop-culture/culture-news/ozempic-media-oprah-weight-loss-special-awards-shows-celebrities-1236271333/

²⁸ OZEMPIC Drug Patent Profile. Drug Patent Watch

²⁹ FDA warns consumers not to use counterfeit Ozempic (semaglutide) found in U.S. drug supply chain". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 21 December 2023

³⁰ Medications Containing Semaglutide Marketed for Type 2 Diabetes or Weight Loss". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 21 December 2023.

³¹ https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight#:~:text=Overweight%20is%20a%20condition%20of,the%20risk%20of%20certain%20cancers.

³² Dombrowski SU, Knittle K, Avenell A, Araújo‐Soares V, Sniehotta FF. Long term maintenance of weight loss with non‐surgical interventions in obese adults: systematic review and meta‐analyses of randomised controlled trials. The BMJ 2014; 348: g2646.

³³ Varkevisser RDM, van Stralen MM, Kroeze W, Ket JCF, Steenhuis IHM. Determinants of weight loss maintenance: a systematic review. Obes Rev. 2019 Feb;20(2):171-211.

³⁴ Söderlund A, Fischer A, Johansson T. Physical activity, diet and behaviour modification in the treatment of overweight and obese adults: a systematic review. Perspectives in Public Health. 2009;129(3):132-142.

³⁵ C C Curioni & P M Lourenço Long-term weight loss after diet and exercise: a systematic review Int J Obes 29, 1168–1174 (2005)

Handwashing heresy

¹ Williams Obstetrics (24th ed.). McGraw-Hill Professional. 2014. pp. Chapter 37.

² Loudon I. “Deaths in childbed from the eighteenth century to 1935”. Med History 1986; 30: 1–41.

³ https://www.gotquestions.org/divine-providence.html.

⁴ Robert Lathan (2010). “Caroline Hampton Halsted: the first to use rubber gloves in the operating room.” Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 23 (4): 389–92.

⁵ Caplan, Caralee E. (1995). “The Childbed Fever Mystery and the Meaning of Medical Journalism.” McGill Journal of Medicine.

⁶ http://www.med.mcgill.ca/epidemiology/hanley/c609/material/Semmelweis1860.pdf.

⁷ Wyklicky H, Skopec M (1983). “Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis, the prophet of bacteriology”. Infect Control. 4 (5): 367–370.

⁸ Smith KA. Louis Pasteur, the father of immunology Front Immunol. 2012 Apr 10;3:68.

⁹ Worboys M. Joseph Lister and the performance of antiseptic surgery. Notes Rec R Soc Lond. 2013 Sep 20;67(3):199-209.

¹⁰ Tyagi U, Barwal KC. Ignac Semmelweis-Father of Hand Hygiene. Indian J Surg. 2020 Jun;82(3):276-277.

Volume 2, Issue 1

The Fluoride Debate: A century of dental health and controversy

¹ https://www.reuters.com/world/us/what-is-fluoride-why-is-it-added-us-water-supply-2024-11-25/

² https://adanews.ada.org/ada-news/2025/january/ada-reaffirms-commitment-to-community-water-fluoridation-amid-jama-pediatrics-report/#:~:text=%E2%80%9CTo%20prevent%20dental%20disease%2C%20the,%2C%20D.D.S.%2C%20in%20the%20release

³ https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056796.htm

Simple solutions for complex problems?

¹ https://www.csis.org/blogs/perspectives-innovation/us-should-strengthen-stem-education-remain-globally-competitive

² https://ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsb20221/u-s-and-global-stem-education-and-labor-force.

³ https://www.ed.gov/news/press-releases/us-department-education-launches-new-initiative-enhance-stem-education-all-students.

⁴ Research argues that Occam’s razor is an ‘essential factor that distinguishes science from superstition https://phys.org/news/2023-12-occam-razor-essential-factor-distinguishes.html.

⁵ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science.

⁶ J McFadden, Razor sharp: The role of Occam’s razor in science Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Volume1530, Issue1 December 2023 Pages 8-17.

⁷ https://conceptually.org/concepts/occams-razor.

⁸ Dickinson JA. Lesser-spotted zebras: Their care and feeding. Can Fam Physician. 2016 Aug;62(8):620-1.

⁹ The Routledge Dictionary of Modern American Slang and Unconventional English, Tom Dalzell, 2009, 1104 pages, p.595.

¹⁰ https://learningspy.co.uk/featured/seven-tools-thinking-5-occams-razor/#:~:text=Aristotle%20first%20suggested%20the%20idea,what%20is%20done%20with%20less’.

NOVEMBER 2024

The staffing shortage

¹ https://www.ada.org/-/media/project/ada-organization/ada/ada-org/files/resources/research/hpi/dental_workforce_shortages_labor_market.pdf

² https://www.ada.org/-/media/project/ada-organization/ada/ada-org/files/resources/research/hpi/oct2023_hpi_economic_outlook_dentistry_report_main.pdf?rev=29dc10340557404b9259b5e43852553a&hash=50D9A6A288F2CC9CDCC6B96F00C077E1

³ https://www.theadso.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/20240115_RTI_Report_Executive_Summary_v0222.pdf

Arginine and dental caries

¹ Marcenes W, Kassebaum NJ, Bernabe E, et al. Global burden of oral conditions in 1990-2010: a systematic analysis. J Dent Res. 2013;92(7):592-597.

² The Lancet. Oral health at a tipping point. Lancet. 2019:394(10194):188.

³ Kleinberg I. A mixed-bacteria ecological approach to understanding the role of the oral bacteria in dental caries causation: an alternative to Streptococcus mutans and the specific-plaque hypothesis. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2002;13(2):108-125

⁴ Englander HR, Shklair IL, Fosdick LS. The effects of saliva on the pH and lactate concentration in dental plaques: I. Caries-rampant individuals. J Dent Res. 1959;38(5):848-853.

⁵  Marsh PD, Bradshaw DJ. Dental plaque as a biofilm. J Ind Microbiol. 1995;15(3):169-175

⁶ Fejerskov O, Nyvad B, Kidd EA: Pathology of dental caries; in Fejerskov O, Kidd EAM (eds): Dental caries: The disease and its clinical management. Oxford, Blackwell Munksgaard, 2008, vol 2, pp 20-48.

⁷ Zhu, M; Li, J; Chen, B; Mei, L; Yao, L; Tian, J; Li, H (2015). "The Effect of Calcium Sodium Phosphosilicate on Dentin Hypersensitivity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". PLOS ONE. 10 (11): e0140176.

⁸ Brunton, P.A.; Davies, R.P.W. (2 July 2013). "Treatment of early caries lesions using biomimetic self-assembling-peptides – a clinical safety trial". Br Dent J. 215

⁹ JADA Monograph ADA.org/arginine

¹⁰ https://bioetymology.blogspot.com/2012/03/arginin-arg-r.html

¹¹ Nascimento MM, Browngardt C, Xiaohui X, Klepac-Ceraj V, Paster BJ, Burne RA. The effect of arginine on oral biofilm communities. Mol Oral Microbiol. 2014;29(1):45-54

¹² Souza ML, Cury JA, Tenuta LM, et al. Comparing the efficacy of a dentifrice

containing 1.5% arginine and 1450 ppm fluoride to a dentifrice containing 1450 ppm fluoride alone in the management of primary root caries. J Dent. 2013;41 (suppl 2):S35-S41

¹³ Acevedo AM, Machado C, Rivera LE, Wolff M, Kleinberg I. The inhibitory effect of an arginine bicarbonate/calcium carbonate CaviStat-containing dentifrice on the development of dental caries in Venezuelan school children. J Clin Dent. 2005;16(3):63-70

¹⁴ Kleinberg I. A new saliva-based anticaries composition. Dent Today. 1999;18(2):98-103.

¹⁵ Zheng X, He J, Wang L, et al. Ecological effect of arginine on oral microbiota.

Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):7206

¹⁶ Kraivaphan P, Amornchat C, Triratana T, et al. Two-year caries clinical study of the efficacy of novel dentifrices containing 1.5% arginine, an insoluble calcium compound and 1,450 ppm fluoride. Caries Res. 2013;47(6):582-590

MAY 2024

Breaking barriers in dentistry

¹ Kamyar Nasseh, Chelsea Fosse and Marko Vujicic, “Dentists Who Participate in Medicaid: Who They Are, Where They Locate, How They Practice,” Medical Care Research and Review 80, no. 2 (2022): 245-252.